Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS Virus)/CORONAVIRUS-

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS Virus)

Case Definition of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

Case definitions (revised 1 May 2003)

Suspect case
1.   A person presenting after 1 November 2002 with history of:
-  high fever (>38 °C)
AND
-   cough or breathing difficulty
AND one or more of the following exposures during the 10 days prior to onset of symptoms:
-  close contactwith a person who is a suspect or probable case of SARS;
-  history of travel, to an area with recent local transmission of SARS
-  residing in an area with recent local transmission of SARS

2.  A person with an unexplained acute respiratory illness resulting in death after 1 November 2002,¹ but on whom no autopsy has been performed
AND one or more of the following exposures during to 10 days prior to onset of symptoms:
-  close contact,²with a person who is a suspect or probable case of SARS;
-   history of travel to an area with recent local transmission of SARS
-  residing in an area with recent local transmission of SARS

Probable case
1.  A suspect case with radiographic evidence of infiltrates consistent with pneumonia or respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) on chest X-ray (CXR).
2.   A suspect case of SARS that is positive for SARS coronavirus by one or more assays. See Use of laboratory methods for SARS diagnosis.
3.   A suspect case with autopsy findings consistent with the pathology of RDS without an identifiable cause.

Exclusion criteria
A case should be excluded if an alternative diagnosis can fully explain their illness.

Reclassification of cases
As SARS is currently a diagnosis of exclusion, the status of a reported case may change over time. A patient should always be managed as clinically appropriate, regardless of their case status.
-   A case initially classified as suspect or probable, for whom an alternative diagnosis can fully explain the illness, should be discarded after carefully considering the possibility of co-infection.
-   A suspect case who, after investigation, fulfils the probable case definition should be reclassified as "probable".
-   A suspect case with a normal CXR should be treated, as deemed appropriate, and monitored for 7 days. Those cases in whom recovery is inadequate should be re-evaluated by CXR.
-   Those suspect cases in whom recovery is adequate but whose illness cannot be fully explained by an alternative diagnosis should remain as "suspect".
-   A suspect case who dies, on whom no autopsy is conducted, should remain classified as "suspect". However, if this case is identified as being part of a chain transmission of SARS, the case should be reclassified as "probable".
-   If an autopsy is conducted and no pathological evidence of RDS is found, the case should be "discarded".

¹   The surveillance period begins on 1 November 2002 to capture cases of atypical pneumonia in China now recognised as SARS. International transmission of SARS was first reported in March 2003 for cases with onset in February 2003.

²   Close contact: having cared for, lived with, or had direct contact with respiratory secretions or body fluids of a suspect or probable case of SARS.

Source: http://www.who.int/csr/sars/casedefinition/en/

Organisation with information

WHO
- Disease outbreaks reported Updates
  - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)Updates
    - Frequently Asked Questions on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
    - Archives for Updates
    - Archives for Cumulative numbers reported
    - Archives for Countries affected
    - Situation updates
    - Epidemic curves
  - Guidelines, recommendations, descriptions Updates
  - Update 62 - More than 8000 cases reported globally, situation in Taiwan, data on in-flight transmission, report on Henan Province, China - 22 May
  - Guidance for mass gathering events, 15 May
  - "No evidence that SARS stems from farm animals"- FAO news
  - International scientific meeting on SARS;17-18 June 2003 ; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  - Case definitions for surveillance of SARS, revised 1 May
  - Update 46 - WHO sends team to Taiwan, situation in China, 3 May
  - Update 42 - Travel advice for Toronto, situation in China, 29 April
  - Update 40 - Situation in Shanghai, Hong Kong and Viet Nam, 26 April
  - WHO biosafety guidelines for handling of SARS specimens, 25 April
  - Update 37 -WHO extends its SARS-related travel advice to Beijing and Shanxi Province in China and to Toronto Canada, 23 April
  - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome – Teleconference briefing of wire service recognition 23 April
  - Update 34 - Unanswered questions- a critical point in the evolution of SARS, 19 April
  - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Press briefing, 16 April
  - Update 32 Situation in China and Hong Kong, status of diagnostic tests, 17 April
  - Update 31 Coronavirus never before seen in humans is the cause of SARS, 16 April
  - The operational response to SARS
  - WHO Global Scientific Meeting on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) WHO Geneva, 17-18 June 2003
  - Update 30 - Status of diagnostic test, significance of “super spreaders”, situation in China
  - Update 29 - Situation in China, status of scientific and clinical knowledge
  - SARS epidemiology to date, 11 April
  - Information to Member States regarding goods and animals arriving from SARS-affected areas, 11 April
  - Update 25 - Interim report of WHO team in China, status of the main SARS outbreaks in different countries, 9 April
  - Update 24 - WHO Guangdong China team to issue its report, 8 April
  - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) - multi-country outbreak - Update 23 Full text 7 April 2003
  - WHO travel advice, 4 April
  - Update 19 - China deepens its collaboration to contain SARS, WHO revises its advice to international travellers as new data come in, 2 April
  - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Press briefing, 2 April
  - Clinicians hold virtual conference on management of SARS patients. 26 March 2003
  - Data from China, countries introduce stringent control measures 26 March 2003
  - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) multi-country outbreak - Update 5 Full text 20 March 2003
  - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) multi-country outbreak - Update 4 Full text 19 March 2003
  - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) multi-country outbreak - Update 3 Full text 18 March 2003
  - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) - multi-country outbreak - Update 2 Full text 17 March 2003
  - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) - multi-country outbreak - Update Full text 16 March 2003
    - Hospital Infection Control Guidance
    - Management of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
    - Case definitions for Surveillance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
  - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) - Multi-country outbreak Update Full text 15 March 2003
- SARS- Availability and use of laboratory testing
- United Nations Agencies Joint Medical Service Conference on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, 9 April
- Update on SARS aetiology, primers for SARS virus, laboratory testing for SARS - 7 April 2003
- Cumulative number of reported probable cases - 12 June
- Map of current probable cases - 12 June
- Areas with recent local transmission - 8 May
- Availability and use of laboratory testing, 8 April
- SARS Travel Recommendations, Summary Table - 12 June
- Images of the new coronavirus
CDC - Influenza Prevention and Control
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Updates Frequently Asked Questions; Fact Sheet; SARS US Case Reports
  - CDC Updates (Updates) What's New Check here for latest updates
    - Case Definition
    - Clinical Description
    - SARS Coronavirus Sequencing
    - Patients & Their Close Contacts
    - Fact Sheet for Close Contacts of SARS Patients
    - Diagnosis/Evaluation
    - Isolation and Infection Control
    - Management of School Students
    - Management of Persons in the Workplace
    - Ground Emergency Medical Transport
    - Specimen Collection & Shipping
    - Respiratory Protection
    - Exposure Management
    - Health Departments
    - Quarantine
    - Treatment
    - Reporting
    - Training & Reference Materials
      Updated Interim U.S. Case Definition of SARS 20 May 2003
      
      Telebriefing- Update on SARS 22 May 2003
      
      CDC Updates Interim US Surveillance Case Definition for SARS 1 May 2003
      
      Updated Interim Surveillance Case Definition for SARS - US., Apr 29, 2003
      
      Interim Definitions and Criteria- Travel Alerts vs. Travel Advisories 30 April 2003
      
      Telebriefing- Response to Reports of SARS 25 April 2003
      
      CDC Telebriefing- SARS 17 April 2003
      
      CDC Lab Sequences Genome of New Coronavirus 14 April 2003
      
      Update on SARS14 April 2003
      
      Webcast- Preventing the Spread of SARS (April 7, 2003)
      
      APR 4 Broadcast- Preventing Spread of SARS
      
      Statement by HHS Secretary Tommy Thompson Regarding Executive Order on Quarantinable Diseases (4 April 2003)
      
      Advice for Travellers about SARS (April 3, 2003)
      
      SARS Update (March 29, 2003)
      
      Update on SARS Investigation (March 24, 2003)
      
      Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Interim Case Definition (March 17, 2003, 5:00 PM EST)
      
      Warden Notice- Guidance about Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome for Americans Living Abroad (March 17, 2003, 8:00 pm Eastern Standard Time)Outbreak information and recommendations
      
      Telebriefing Transcript- CDC's Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (March 17, 2003)
      Telebriefing & press conference with Tommy Thompson, Secretary of the Department of Health & Human Services, & Julie Gerberding, Director of CDC
      
      Press Release- CDC Issues Health Alert Notice for Travellers to USA from Hong Kong, Guangdong Province and Hanoi(March 17, 2003)
      CDC is distributing information cards in US airports to travellers arriving from Hong Kong & Guangdong Province in China, & from Hanoi, Vietnam, warning that they may have been exposed
      
      Press Release: CDC issues health alert about atypical pneumonia (March 15, 2003)
      In response to reports of increasing numbers of cases of an atypical pneumonia that WHO has called severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), CDC has announced several steps to alert US health authorities at local & state levels...
      
      Media Advisory: CDC's Response to Atypical Pneumonia in Southeast Asia and Canada (March 15, 2003)
      Transcript from telebriefing
      
      Health Alert Notice (March 15, 2003)
      For international travellers arriving in or returning to the USA from Hong Kong & Guandong Province in the People's Republic of China & from Hanoi, Vietnam.
      
      Interim Travel Advisory: Acute respiratory syndrome, multi-country outbreak (March 15, 2003)
      Persons planning elective or nonessential travel to areas affected by the outbreak may wish to postpone their trips until further notice.
      
      Travellers Health Notice: Acute respiratory syndrome, Hong Kong SAR, Viet Nam, China (March 13, 2003)
      Information on reports of outbreaks of a severe form of pneumonia in Hong Kong, Vietnam, & Guangdong, a province in southern China.
  - CDC Guidelines and Recommendations
    - Healthcare Providers
      - CDC Interim Information and Recommendations for Health Care Providers (March 15, 2003)
        Information for clinicians on case finding, evaluation, infection control, treatment, & reporting
    - Specimen Collection and Shipping
      - Interim Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines for Handling and Processing Specimens Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) (March 21, 2003)
      - Packing Diagnostic Specimens for Transport- Summary Instructions (March 20, 2003)
      - Specimen Collection for Potential Cases of SARS (March 25, 2003)
      - Collection and Handling of Specimens for the Evaluation of Potential Cases of SARS (March 25, 2003)
      - Specimen Submission Form for Potential Cases of SARS PDF (124 KB/1 page) (March 25, 2003)
      - Interpreting Test Results from CDC (April 9, 2003)
    - Health Departments
      - CDC Interim Guidance for State and Local Health Departments (March 16, 2003)
        Information on identifying & reporting suspected cases
    - Isolation and Infection Control
      - Interim Guidelines and Recommendations- Prevention, Identification and Management of Suspect & Probable Cases of SARS on Cruise Ships - 12 May 2003
      - Interim Guidelines for Personnel Boarding Maritime Vessels from Areas with SARS- 8 May 2003
      - Interim Guidelines about Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) for Workers Handling Cargo or Other Packages- 8 May 2003
      - Guidelines for Persons Travelling to SARS-Affected Areas - 19 April 2003
      - Interim Domestic Guidance on Persons Who May Have Been Exposed to Patients with Suspected SARS 13 April 2003 see flow chart
      - Interim Domestic Guidance for Management of School Students Exposed to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) 12 April 2003
      - Interim Domestic Guidance for Management of Exposures to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) for Healthcare and Other Institutional Settings 12 April 2003
      - Fact Sheet for Close Contacts (2 April 2003)
      - Executive Order- Quarantinable Communicable Diseases (4 April 2003)
      - Quarantine Fact Sheet (3 April 2003)
      - Updated Interim Domestic Infection Control Guidance in the Health Care and Community Setting for Patients with Suspected SARS (18 March 2003) Precautions recommended until the causative agent of SARS is isolated or the epidemiology of illness transmission is better understood
      - CDC Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals
        Infection control practices for infectious disease in healthcare settings.
      - CDC Guidelines for Infection Control in Health Care Personnel, 1998
        Preventing the spread of infectious diseases among staff in healthcare settings.
    - Respiratory Protection
      - Guidance on Use of Respirators - 19 April 2003
      - TB Respiratory Protection Program In Health Care Facilities: Administrator's Guide
        Information is specific to tuberculoses but also provides useful information on respirators, including types used to protect healthcare workers.
      - User Seal Check, Fit-Test, and Issue Respirators
        Infection control practices for infectious disease in healthcare settings.
    - Information for Airline, Airport, and Air Travel Workers
      - Guidelines for Airline Cleanup Crew Members 26 March 2003
      - Guidelines for Airport INS & TSA Personnel 26 March 2003
      - Guidelines for Airline Flight Crew Members 17 April 2003
      - Guidelines for TSA and Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (BCBP) Personnel
PPHB (Population and Public Health Branch, Health Canada)
- SARS information Updates
ProMED-mail electronic conference Query Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome or SARS Updates
- SARS - world-wide (129)- origin, speculation 2 June 2003
- SARS - world-wide (101)- aetiology 10 May 2003
- SARS - world-wide (93)- aetiology 5 May 2003
- SARS - world-wide (91)- aetiology 4 May 2003
- SARS - world-wide (90)- background 3 May 2003
- SARS - world-wide (87)- case definitions and diagnostics 2 May 2003
- SARS - world-wide (85)- clinical aspects 1 May 2003
- PRO> SARS - world-wide (84)- etiology1 May 2003
- SARS - world-wide (75)- diagnostic testing 28 April 2003
- SARS - world-wide (74)- aetiology 27 April 2003
- SARS - world-wide (72)- treatment 27 April 2003
- SARS - world-wide (64)- aetiology 23 April 2003
- SARS - world-wide (63)- aetiology 23 April 2003
- SARS - world-wide (58)- diagnostic tests 19 April 2003
- SARS - world-wide (53)- aetiology 17 April 2003
- SARS - world-wide (51)- aetiology 16 April 2003
- SARS - world-wide (48)- aetiology 14 April 2003
- SARS - world-wide (46)- diagnostic test 13 April 2003
- SARS - world-wide (42)- WHO historical overview 11 April 2003
- SARS - world-wide (41)-overview 11 April 2003
- SARS - world-wide (38)- aetiology 10 April 2003
- SARS - world-wide (34)- aetiology 8 April 2003
- EDR> SARS - World-wide (33)- cases 7 April 2003
- SARS - world-wide (31)- aetiology 5 April 2003
- SARS - world-wide (26)- aetiology 3 April 2003
- SARS - world-wide (28)- overview 3 April 2003
- SARS - world-wide (24)- cases 2 April 2003
- SARS - world-wide (19)- aetiology 30 March 2003
- SARS - world-wide (14)- overview 27 March 2003
- SARS - world-wide (09)- clinical features 26 March 2003
- SARS - world-wide (10)- infectious disease perspectives 26 March 2003
- SARS - world-wide (08)- China 26 March 2003
- SARS - world-wide (06)- WHO press briefing 25 March 2003
- SARS - world-wide (04)- aetiology 25 March 2003
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome - world-wide (11) 20 March 2003
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome - world-wide (10) 19 March 2003
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome - world-wide (09) 19 March 2003
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome - world-wide (08) 18 March 2003
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome - world-wide (07) 18 March 2003
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome - world-wide (06) 18 March 2003
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome - World-wide (05) 17 March 2003
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome - World-wide (04)-comment 17 March 2003
- Severe acute respiratory disease - World-wide alert (03) 16 March 2003
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome - World-wide (02)-alert 15 March 2003
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Worldwide-alert 15 March 2003
Cybermed Malaysian Medical Association Newsletter - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

Information on SARS

Clinical/ Epidemiology Information

SARS Reference
SARS case fatality ratio, incubation period , 7 May - WHO
The Spread of SARS - Cumulative figures taken from WHO data. (Thanks to Bob Riley) Updates
Graph of the SARS Epidemic
Epidemic curves - SARS - 21 May - WHO
Meeting on SARS virus detection and survival in food and water, Madrid, 8-9 May 2003 - WHO
PPHB
- SARS information Updates
  - Management of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)- Interim Recommendations for Health Care Providers (30 March 2003)
Articles on SARS in the Weekly Epidemiological Record, 4 April

Pathology and Laboratory

RT-PCR Testing at the Laboratory Response Network - 30 May 2003
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology on SARS This site provides information about the imaging and pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The content represents the combined efforts of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and American Registry of Pathology, Washington, DC, USA, the Tan Tock Seng Hospital and Centre for Forensic Medicine, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore, and the National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. (Thanks to Michael P. D'Alessandro, M.D)
WHO recommendations on SARS and blood safety - 15 May
Clinical and laboratory findings from Hong Kong, SAR China - 30 April- WHO
WHO multi-center collaborative network on SARS diagnosis- WHO
First data on stability and resistance of SARS coronavirus compiled by members of WHO laboratory network, 4 May - WHO
Use of laboratory methods for SARS diagnosis, 1 May - WHO
Sampling for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) diagnostic tests, 29 April - WHO
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Laboratory diagnostic tests, 29 April - WHO
Recommendations for laboratories testing for SARS-coronavirus, 29 April - WHO
SARS- Availability and use of laboratory testing - WHO
Genome Sciences Centre SARS associated virus genome sequencing project
SARS Coronavirus Sequencing - CDC-13 April 2003
- Entire Nucleotide Sequence of SARS-CoV (Urbani strain)
- Coronavirus Protein Analysis Phylogenetic Trees
Pathology on SARS (Thanks to Raili Suhaili and Hooi Lai Seong)
The (M)AVID multiple alignment program (Thanks to Lior Pachter)
- Alignment of the SARS virus with other coronaviruses
- VISTA plots with SARS as the base sequence
Human Coronavirus- Material Safety Data Sheet
SARS & Coronavirus Testing—US, 2003 - April 11, 2003; MMWR; 52(14);297-302
Coronavirus RT-PCR Protocol from Christian Drosten, Bernhard-Nocht Institute of Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
Availability and use of laboratory testing, 8 April - WHO
Interpreting Test Results from CDC
Recommended Laboratory Investigation of SARS
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- Interim Guidelines Office of Laboratory Security - Biosafety Advisory
Detection of Human Coronaviruses in Respiratory Specimens by Imunofluorescence Microscopy
Mutation Rate, Recombination, Multi-gene Reassortment, and Pseudotyping
INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL HEALTH
- Coronaviruse Group

Radiology

PHW Radiology
- on SARS (Thanks to Raili Suhaili and Hooi Lai Seong)
- Infection Control Guidelines Currently Used Within the Department

Medical Publication

SARS Reference by Bernd Sebastian Kamps and Christian Hoffmann
The Lancet
- Prospective study of the clinical progression and viral load of SARS associated coronavirus pneumonia in a community outbreak; JSM Peiris, CM Chu, VCC Cheng, KS Chan, IFN Hung, LLM Poon, KI Law, BSF Tang, TYW Hon, CS Chan, KH Chan, JSC Ng, BJ Zheng, WL Ng, RWM Lai, Y Guan, KY Yuen and members of the HKU / UCH SARS Study Group; WHO site early release;Volume 361, Number 9369 10 May 2003 [Full Text]
- Epidemiological determinants of spread of causal agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong [Full Text] ;Christl A Donnelly, Azra C Ghani, Gabriel M Leung, Anthony J Hedley, Christophe Fraser, Steven Riley, Laith J Abu-Raddad, Lai-Ming Ho, Thuan-Quoc Thach, Patsy Chau, King-Pan Chan, Tai-Hing Lam, Lai-Yin Tse, Thomas Tsang, Shao-Haei Liu, James H B Kong, Edith M C Lau, Neil M Ferguson, Roy M Anderson;Volume 361, Number 9369 10 May 2003
- Comparative full-length genome sequence analysis of 14 SARS coronavirus isolates and common mutations associated with putative origins of infection; [Full Text] YiJun Ruan, Chia Lin Wei, Ling Ai Ee, Vinsensius B Vega, Herve Thoreau, Se Thoe Su Yun, Jer-Ming Chia, Patrick Ng, Kuo Ping Chiu, Landri Lim, Zhang Tao, Chan Kwai Peng, Lynette Oon Lin Ean, Ng Mah Lee, Leo Yee Sin, Lisa F P Ng, Ren EE Chee, Lawrence W Stanton, Philip M Long, Edison T Liu; Volume 361, Number 9369 10 May 2003
- Development of a standard treatment protocol for severe acute respiratory syndrome;Loletta K-Y So, Arthur C W Lau, Loretta Y C Yam, Thomas M T Cheung, Edwin Poon, Raymond W H Yung, K Y Yuen; [Full Text] Volume 361, Number 9369 10 May 2003
- Effectiveness of precautions against droplets and contact in prevention of nosocomial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) [Full Text] ; W H Seto, D Tsang, R W H Yung, T Y Ching, T K Ng, M Ho, L M Ho, J S M Peiris, and Advisors of Expert SARS group of Hospital Authority* *Members listed at end of report ;Volume 361, Number 9368;03 May 2003
- Will SARS hurt the world's poor? [Full Text] Editorial; Volume 361, Number 9368;03 May 2003
- Aminopeptidase N inhibitors and SARS [Full Text] Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis, Renata Pasqualini, *Wadih; Volume 361, Number 9368;03 May 2003
- SARS: experience at Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong ; Brian Tomlinson, Clive Cockram ; Volume 361, Number 9368;03 May 2003
- Clinical presentations and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome in children [Full Text]; K L E Hon, C W Leung, W T F Cheng, P K S Chan, W C W Chu, Y W Kwan, A M Li, N C Fong, P C Ng, M C Chiu, C K Li, J S Tam, T F Fok; Volume 361, Number 9367 ; 26 April 2003;Published online April 29, 2003
- Haemorrhagic-fever-like changes and normal chest radiograph in a doctor with SARS ; Lancet 2003; 361: 1520-21
- Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome [Full Text] J S M Peiris, S T Lai, L L M Poon, Y Guan, L Y C Yam, W Lim, J Nicholls, W K S Yee, W W Yan, M T Cheung, V C C Cheng, K H Chan, D N C Tsang, R W H Yung, T K Ng, K Y Yuen, and members of the SARS study group; Early Release;5 April 2003
- Novel coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome [Full Text] Ann R Falsey, Edward E Walsh; Early Release; 5 April 2003
- Guideline on management of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) [Full Text] William Ho; Early Release; 5 April 2003
New England Journal of Medicine - Reports and Editorials on SARS
- A Novel Coronavirus Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS);Thomas G. Ksiazek, D.V.M., Ph.D., Dean Erdman, Dr.P.H., Cynthia Goldsmith, M.S., Sherif R. Zaki, MD, Ph.D., Teresa Peret, Ph.D., Shannon Emery, B.S., Suxiang Tong, Ph.D., Carlo Urbani, MD, James A. Comer, Ph.D., M.P.H., Wilina Lim, Pierre E. Rollin, MD, Kim Ha Nghiem, B.A., Scott Dowell, MD, M.P.H., AI-EE Ling, MD, Charles Humphrey, Ph.D., Wun-Ju Shieh, MD, Jeannette Guarner, MD, Christopher D. Paddock, MD, Paul Rota, Ph.D., Barry Fields, Ph.D., Joseph DeRisi, Ph.D., Jyh-Yuan Yang, Ph.D., Nancy Cox, Ph.D., James Hughes, MD, James W. LeDuc, Ph.D., William J. Bellini, Ph.D., Larry J. Anderson, MD, for the SARS Working Group ; 10 April 2003
- Identification of a Novel Coronavirus in Patients with SARS; Christian Drosten, MD, Stephan Günther, MD, Wolfgang Preiser, MD, Sylvie van der Werf, Ph.D., Hans-Reinhard Brodt, MD, Stephan Becker, Ph.D., Holger Rabenau, Ph.D., Marcus Panning, MD, Larissa Kolesnikova, Ph.D., Ron A.M. Fouchier, Ph.D., Annemarie Berger, Ph.D., Ana-Maria Burguière, Ph.D., Jindrich Cinatl, Ph.D., Markus Eickmann, Ph.D., Nicolas Escriou, Ph.D., Klaus Grywna, M.Sc., Stefanie Kramme, MD, Jean-Claude Manuguerra, Ph.D., Stefanie Müller, M.Sc., Volker Rickerts, MD, Martin Stürmer, Ph.D., Simon Vieth, Hans-Dieter Klenk, MD, Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus, Ph.D., Herbert Schmitz, MD, and Hans Wilhelm Doerr, MD; 10 April 2003
- A Major Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong; N. Lee and Others; N Engl J Med 2003;Early Release; April 7, 2003
- Faster . . . but Fast Enough? Responding to the Epidemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; Gerberding N Engl J MEd 2003;10.1056;April 2, 2003
- A Cluster of Cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Hong Kong Early Release Posted March 31, 2003
- Identification of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Canada Early Release Posted March 31, 2003
- Editorial- Case Clusters of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Early Release Posted March 31, 2003
British Medical Journal
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome revisited Maria Zambon; BMJ 2003; 326: 831-832; 7394;19 April 2003; Editorial
- Outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region: case report. Moira Chan-Yeung and W C Yu; BMJ 2003; 326: 850-852; 7394; 19 April 2003
- Pneumonia causes panic in Guangdong province Lesley Rosling, Mark Rosling, Guangzhou BMJ 2003;326:416 ( 22 February )
Canadian Medical Association Journal
- SARS Update
MMWR - Search for "SARS" related articles
- Clinical Description (Mar 21, 2003)
- MMWR Update- SARS — US, June 11, 2003
- Update- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome -- United States, May 21, 2003 - May 23, 2003 / 52(20);466-468
- MMWR Update- SARS — US, 2003 - May 9, 2003 / 52(18);411-413
- MMWR Update- SARS — Singapore, 2003 - May 9, 2003 / 52(18);405-411
- MMWR Update- SARS — US, 2003 - May 2, 2003 / 52(17);388-390
- Update- SARS — US, 2003 - April 25, 2003 / 52(16);357-360
- Update- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome --- United States, 2003 - April 18, 2003 / 52(15);332-336
- MMWR- SARS & Coronavirus Testing—US, 2003 - April 11, 2003; 52(14);297-302
- MMWR- Outbreak of SARS — World-wide, 2003 - April 4, 2003; 52(13);269-272
- Update: Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome --- World-wide, 2003; March 28, 2003 / Vol. 52 / No. 12
- Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome World-wide, 2003 March 21, 2003 / Vol. 52 / No. 11
Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation and Laboratory Investigation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Canada, March 2003 Canada Communicable Disease Report - PREVIEW - 25 March 2003
Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics (Geno., Prot. & Bioinfo.) Is sponsored by the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), managed and edited by Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), CAS, and published by the Science Press, Beijing, China.
- Genomes of Four Mainland China SARS Viral Samples were Sequenced
- Genomes of Two SARS Viral Samples Were Sequenced
Science Magazine
- Characterisations of a Novel Coronavirus Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; Abstract; Published online May 1, 2003
- The Genome Sequence of the SARS-Associated Coronavirus.Abstract; Published online May 1, 2003